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10.1038/s41598-024-78956-5 16 AnwaarS.IjazD.-E.-S.AnwarT.QureshiH.NazishM.AlrefaeiA

It regenerates thioredoxin, which helps repair OS proteins [15]

The exact mechanisms of the increased permeability for Ca 2+ are unknown, however it has been proposed that PHB can act as a natural Ca 2+ ionophore (Elustondo et al., 2+ uniporter is expected to generate a current equivalent to ~50 pA per single mitochondrion (Kirichok et al., 2+ flux in the mitochondria of intact cells is estimated to be in the order of 0.005 pA

They demonstrated that pretreatment of cultured SOD1 G93A astrocytes with MitoQ was able to reduce the formation of superoxide and peroxynitrite radicals, protect motor neurons against oxidative damage and improve the ability of mitochondria to generate ATP (Cassina et al., G93A mouse model, treatment with MitoQ at the onset of disease also delayed the decline of mitochondrial function in the spinal cord, protected against motor neuron loss and astrogliosis in the spinal cord

There is no acute diffusion restriction or gradient sequence abnormality