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It has also been shown that the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) gene in smokers has a higher frequency of reversal and a lower frequency of conversion compared to the corresponding gene in non-smokers, suggesting that cigarette smoke may induce adducts at guanine bases in the non-transcribed DNA strand, leading to an increased frequency of HGPRT gene mutations in smokers 26 and that frequent HGPRT gene mutations in smokers may lead to decreased enzyme activity, resulting in increased hypoxanthine and guanine levels and thus increased blood uric acid levels 27